Proactive routing protocols: In proactive protocols, the routes are discovered before usage in order to avoid the latency incurred in finding the route. These protocols require the nodes to maintain routing and network topology information through one or more tables. Any change in the network needs to be reflected in these tables by propagating the changes throughout the network. Examples of this class include DSDV, WRP.
Reactive routing protocols: Reactive protocols try to conserve the precious battery power of the nodes by discovering routes only when it is required. Only when there is a packet to be transferred, the route discovery protocol is initiated by the source and the route is found. Because of this nature, this class of routing protocols is also called as “Dynamic routing protocols”. Examples of this class include DSR, AODV and ABR.
Hybrid protocols: Hybrid protocols make use of both reactive and proactive approaches. They typically offer means to switch dynamically between the reactive and proactive parts of the protocol. Examples of this class include TORA and ZRP.
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